{"id":32870,"date":"2026-06-15T09:30:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T07:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/"},"modified":"2026-09-03T18:02:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:02:16","slug":"the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/","title":{"rendered":"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The spread of artificial intelligence and, more generally, automation technologies has brought back to the forefront of the debate a recurring issue during periods of rapid technological advancement: to what extent can innovation replace human labour, drive down wages and increase inequalities? This question is now made all the more pressing by the speed with which digital tools are being adopted in production processes and services, but it is by no means a new phenomenon in economic history (Guarascio et al., 2025; Alahakoon and Bandara, 2023; Frey and Osborne, 2017).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every major technological transformation has redefined the relationship between capital and labour (Schumpeter, 2013). With the First Industrial Revolution, the mechanisation of production, mechanical looms and the steam engine profoundly altered craft-based work and fuelled fears of technological unemployment. Every major technological transformation has redefined the relationship between capital and labour (Schumpeter, 2013). With the First Industrial Revolution, the mechanisation of production, mechanical looms and the steam engine profoundly altered craft-based work and fuelled fears of technological unemployment.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Second Industrial Revolution, based on electricity, the internal combustion engine and mass production, made it possible to break down tasks and gradually scale back many traditional craft skills.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Third Industrial Revolution, linked to electronics, information technology and computerisation, has, on the other hand, automated an increasing proportion of repetitive tasks \u2013 particularly those relating to information and administration \u2013 thereby boosting demand for skills that complement technology.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Nota-di-lavoro-50_2026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Keep reading<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"855\" src=\"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Infografica-Nota-di-lavoro-50-Rischio-automazione-MdL-06.2026-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Infografica-Nota-di-lavoro-50-Rischio-automazione-MdL-06.2026-2.png 580w, https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Infografica-Nota-di-lavoro-50-Rischio-automazione-MdL-06.2026-2-204x300.png 204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Position Paper 50\/2026 by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":32014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[930],"tags":[1788,1789,1035,1047],"staff":[988,966,967,951],"temi-pubblicazioni":[968],"class_list":["post-32870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-position-papers","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-automation","tag-job-market","tag-tuscany-en","staff-eleonora-pagliai","staff-ravagli-letizia-en","staff-sciclone-nicola-en","staff-silvia-duranti","temi-pubblicazioni-work-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market - Irpet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Position Paper 50\/2026 edited by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market - Irpet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Position Paper 50\/2026 edited by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Irpet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-15T07:30:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T16:02:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/automazione-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"zangheri\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"zangheri\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"zangheri\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/898a721779719c09b686940e43cd67ef\"},\"headline\":\"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-15T07:30:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T16:02:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":242,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/automazione-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"artificial intelligence\",\"automation\",\"job market\",\"Tuscany\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Position Paper\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/\",\"name\":\"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market - Irpet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/automazione-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-15T07:30:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T16:02:16+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/898a721779719c09b686940e43cd67ef\"},\"description\":\"Position Paper 50\\\/2026 edited by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/automazione-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/automazione-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1920},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/\",\"name\":\"Irpet\",\"description\":\"Istituto Regionale Programmazione Economica Toscana\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/irpetwp.netseven.work\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/898a721779719c09b686940e43cd67ef\",\"name\":\"zangheri\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/59fa50ff47af9b745c5dc13f1ed25a6e27692b953b37f2381e3ae108b0b21989?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/59fa50ff47af9b745c5dc13f1ed25a6e27692b953b37f2381e3ae108b0b21989?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/59fa50ff47af9b745c5dc13f1ed25a6e27692b953b37f2381e3ae108b0b21989?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"zangheri\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.irpet.it\\\/en\\\/author\\\/zangheri\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market - Irpet","description":"Position Paper 50\/2026 edited by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market - Irpet","og_description":"Position Paper 50\/2026 edited by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone","og_url":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/","og_site_name":"Irpet","article_published_time":"2026-06-15T07:30:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T16:02:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1920,"url":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/automazione-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"zangheri","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"zangheri","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/"},"author":{"name":"zangheri","@id":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/#\/schema\/person\/898a721779719c09b686940e43cd67ef"},"headline":"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market","datePublished":"2026-06-15T07:30:59+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T16:02:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/"},"wordCount":242,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/automazione-scaled.jpg","keywords":["artificial intelligence","automation","job market","Tuscany"],"articleSection":["Position Paper"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/","url":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/","name":"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market - Irpet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/automazione-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2026-06-15T07:30:59+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T16:02:16+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/#\/schema\/person\/898a721779719c09b686940e43cd67ef"},"description":"Position Paper 50\/2026 edited by E. Alberti, S. Duranti, L. Ravagli and N. Sciclone","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/automazione-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/automazione-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1920},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/the-potential-risk-of-automation-in-the-tuscan-labour-market\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The potential risk of automation in the Tuscan labour market"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/#website","url":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/","name":"Irpet","description":"Istituto Regionale Programmazione Economica Toscana","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/irpetwp.netseven.work\/#\/schema\/person\/898a721779719c09b686940e43cd67ef","name":"zangheri","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/59fa50ff47af9b745c5dc13f1ed25a6e27692b953b37f2381e3ae108b0b21989?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/59fa50ff47af9b745c5dc13f1ed25a6e27692b953b37f2381e3ae108b0b21989?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/59fa50ff47af9b745c5dc13f1ed25a6e27692b953b37f2381e3ae108b0b21989?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"zangheri"},"url":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/author\/zangheri\/"}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32870"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32871,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32870\/revisions\/32871"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32870"},{"taxonomy":"staff","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/staff?post=32870"},{"taxonomy":"temi-pubblicazioni","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.irpet.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/temi-pubblicazioni?post=32870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}